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''Exsudoporus frostii'' (formerly ''Boletus frostii''), commonly known as Frost's bolete or the apple bolete, is a bolete fungus first described scientifically in 1874. A member of the family Boletaceae, the mushrooms produced by the fungus have tubes and pores instead of gills on the underside of their caps. ''Exsudoporus frostii'' is distributed in the eastern United States from Maine to Georgia and Arizona, and south to Mexico and Costa Rica. A mycorrhizal species, its fruit bodies are typically found growing near hardwood trees, especially oak. ''Exsudoporus frostii'' mushrooms can be recognized by their dark red sticky caps, the red pores, the network-like pattern of the stem, and the bluing reaction to tissue injury. Another characteristic of young, moist fruit bodies is the amber-colored drops exuded on the pore surface. Although the mushrooms are considered edible, they are generally not recommended for consumption because of the risk of confusion with other poisonous red-pored, blue-bruising boletes. ''E. frostii'' may be distinguished from other superficially similar red-capped boletes by differences in distribution, associated tree species, bluing reaction, or morphology. ==Taxonomy== The species was named by the Unitarian minister John Lewis Russell of Salem, Massachusetts, based on specimens found in Brattleboro, Vermont. He named the fungus after his friend, another amateur American mycologist, Charles Christopher Frost, who published a description of the species in his 1874 survey of the boletes of New England.〔〔 When the name of a species is contributed by an individual, but the name is formally published by another, the contributor's name can be cited, separated from the publishing author as ''apud''; for this reason, the name and authority are written ''Boletus Frostii'' Russell ''apud'' Frost in some older literature.〔 Bernard Ogilvie Dodge made reference to ''B. frostii'' in 1950 during an address to the Mycological Society of America, in which he spoke about the role of the amateur in discovering new species: "They would have informed us all about the man Russell, who named a fine new bolete for his friend Frost, and about the man Frost, who named a fine new bolete for his friend Russell. ''Boletus Frostii'' and ''Boletus Russellii'' are mushrooms with ''character'', even though they were described by amateurs."〔 However, in attempting to establish a lectotype specimen, mycologist Roy Halling examined both Russell's original material and his accompanying notes; he concluded that it was Frost who made the original species determinations, further suggesting "there is no evidence to show that Russell ever collected ''B. frostii'' or wrote a description of it."〔 William Murrill in 1909 placed the species in the genus ''Suillellus'',〔 while Sanshi Imai transferred it to ''Tubiporus'' in 1968.〔 ''Tubiporus'' has since been synonymized with ''Boletus''.〔 In 1945, Rolf Singer described a bolete he found in Florida; although he originally described it as a subspecies of ''B. frostii'',〔 he later considered the differences between the taxa significant enough to warrant publishing ''Boletus floridanus'' as a unique species.〔 Following recent molecular studies that outlined a new phylogenetic framework for the Boletaceae,〔〔 the bolete was transferred to the newly circumscribed genus ''Exsudoporus''.〔 ''Exsudoporus frostii'' is commonly known as "Frost's bolete"〔 or the "apple bolete". In Mexico, its vernacular name is ''panza agria'', which translates to "sour belly".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Exsudoporus frostii」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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